Motion Data Logging with RTC/PIR as Stand Alone

This project is intended for implementing a low cost proximity/motion data logger, useful device that can be used on environmental / animal scientific research for school/university studies. However the goal of this project is to build an open source that can easily assembled that anyone can gathered data for research applications that requires high precision and accuracy which is capable to runs up to 8 ~ 12 months with 2500 mAh lithium ion polymer battery . We assumed that you are familiar with this components. This project are driven on 5 main components, Microcontroller, Proximity Sensor (PIR), Real Time Clock on chip, microSD Card, and microSD card socket for TransFlash.

The DS32354 RTC (Real Time Clock) on chip is an extremely accurate SPI bus clock with integrated-compensated crystal oscillator and crystal. This device has incorporates a precision, temperature-compensated voltage reference and comparator circuit.

The pyroelectric infrared (PIR) / Passive Infrared / IR Motion Sensor. This sensor allows you to sense motion always to detect whether animals/human that moves in or out of the sensor range. This device are small and inexpensive that runs on low-power, easy to use.

Required Components

Arduino IDE | Atmel Studio
Microcontroller – Arduino NANO, MINI, MEGA, UNO, LEO, DUE, ZERO, 101, MKR1000, FIO, NodeMCU, Teensy Board, TeensyDuino, ESP8266 12, 12E, ESP32, LinkItOne, ESP8266 NodeMCU, ESPDuino, ATMEGA328 16/12, ATMEGA32u4 16/8/ MHz, ESP8266, ATMEGA250 16 MHz, ATSAM3x8E, ATSAM21D, ATTINY85 16/8 MHz Note: The Diagram below is using NANO. (please refer to each MCU’s respective pin-outs)
RTC Chip or Module
PIR / Motion Sensor / Proximity Sensor
microSD Card (4~8 GB FAT)
microSD Card Socket / microSD Module
Capacitors (See below required values)
Resistors (See below required values)
Solder Less Breadboard (Optional)
Jumper Wire
Prototyping Board
PCB board (for testing)

Wiring Guide

Wiring with ATMEGA328P

Using 328P chip more convenient you can just program it with your FTDI/USB UART or Arduino SPI and place into the DIP Sockets Solder Tail mounted in the PCB board.

Source Code

#include <SdFat.h>
#include <EEPROM.h>
#include <PowerSaver.h>
#include <DS3234lib3.h>

char filename[15] = "corelog.csv";    //Cannot be more than 8 characters in length

PowerSaver chip; //Set declare object for PowerSaver class
DS3234 myTime;      //Set declare object for DS3234 class
SdFat sd;        //Set declare object for SdFat class
SdFile file;     //Set declare object for SdFile class

#define POWER 4     // pin 4 supplies power to microSD card breakout
#define myTimePOWER D  // pin 6 supplies power to DS3234 myTime breakout

#define statusLED 3       //Set pin 3 for LED status
int microSDCSPin = 10;   // pin 9 is micrSD card breakout CS pin
int state = 0;      // this variable stores the state of PIR sensor's output (either 1 or 0)
ISR(PCINT0_vect)    // Interrupt Service Routine for PCINT0 vector (pin 8)
{
  asm("nop");  //set to-do nothing
}

/*SETUP*/
void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(19200); // Start open serial at 19200 bps boud rate
  pinMode(POWER, OUTPUT); // set output pins
  pinMode(myTimePOWER, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(statusLED, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(POWER, HIGH);     //Set to turn on SD card
  digitalWrite(myTimePOWER, HIGH);  //Set turn on myTime
  delay(1);                      //give some delay to ensure SD card is turned on properly
  
  if(!sd.init(microSDCSPin, SPI_FULL_SPEED))  //Start initialize SD card on the SPI bus
  {
    delay(10);
    SDcardError();
    Serial.print("SD Card Error");
  }
  else
  {
    delay(10);
    file.open(filename, O_CREAT | O_APPEND | O_WRITE);  // open file in write mode and append data to the end of file
    delay(1);
    String time = myTime.timeStamp();    // get date and time from myTime
    file.println();
    file.print("Date/Time,Occupancy");    // Print header to file
    file.println();
    PrintFileTimeStamp();
    file.close();    // close file - very important
                     // give some delay by blinking status LED to wait for the file to properly close
    digitalWrite(statusLED, HIGH);
    delay(10);
    digitalWrite(statusLED, LOW); 
  }
  chip.sleepInterruptSetup();    //Set to setup sleep function & pin change interrupts
}

void loop()
{
  digitalWrite(POWER, LOW);  // turn off SD card
  digitalWrite(myTimePOWER, LOW);     // turn off myTime
  delay(1);
  
  chip.turnOffADC();  // turn off ADC to save power
  chip.turnOffSPI();  // turn off SPI bus to save power
  //chip.turnOffWDT();  // turn off WatchDog timer. This doesn't work for Pro Mini (Rev 11); only works for Arduino Uno
  chip.turnOffBOD();

  chip.goodNight();   //Set to power-down mode
  chip.turnOnADC();   //Set tp turn ADC once wakes up
  chip.turnOnSPI();   //Set turn on SPI bus once wakes up
  delay(1); 
  digitalWrite(POWER, HIGH);  //Set turn on SD card
  digitalWrite(myTimePOWER, HIGH); //Set turn on myTime
  delay(10);  
  myTime.checkDST(); //Set check and account for Daylight Savings Time
  printToSD(); // print data to SD card
}

/*Write to SD function*/
void printToSD()
{
  pinMode(microSDCSPin, OUTPUT);
  if(!sd.begin(microSDCSPin, SPI_FULL_SPEED))    // very important - reinitialize SD card on the SPI bus
  {
    delay(10);
    SDcardError();
    Serial.print("SD Card Error");
  }
  else
  {
    delay(10);
    file.open(filename, O_WRITE | O_AT_END);  // open file in write mode
    delay(1);
    String settime = myTime.timeStamp();    // get date and time from myTime
    SPCR = 0;  // reset SPI control register
    state = digitalRead(2); // read current state PIR reads 1 = movement detected, 0 = no movement detected.
    if(state == 1)
    {file.print(settime);file.print(",");file.print("0");file.println();file.print(settime);file.print(",");file.print("1");}
    else if(state == 0)
    {file.print(settime);file.print(",");file.print("1");file.println();file.print(settime);file.print(",");file.print("0");}
    file.println();
    PrintFileTimeStamp();
    file.close();    // Set to close file
    digitalWrite(statusLED, HIGH);
    delay(10);
    digitalWrite(statusLED, LOW);
  }
}

/*Write time stamp function*/
void PrintFileTimeStamp() // Print timestamps to data file. Format: year, month, day, hour, min, sec // file timestamps 
{ 
  file.timestamp(T_WRITE, myTime.year, myTime.month, myTime.day, myTime.hour, myTime.minute, myTime.second);    // date modified
  file.timestamp(T_ACCESS, myTime.year, myTime.month, myTime.day, myTime.hour, myTime.minute, myTime.second);    // date accessed
}

// microSD Card Error Handler
void SDcardError()
{
    for(int i=0;i<3;i++)   // Turn LED blink 3 Times indicates SD card read/write error
    {
      digitalWrite(statusLED, HIGH); //Error LED Indicator
      delay(50);
      digitalWrite(statusLED, LOW); //Error LED Indicator
      delay(150);
    }
}

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#include <SdFat.h>

#include <EEPROM.h>

#include <PowerSaver.h>

#include <DS3234lib3.h>

char filename[15] = "corelog.csv"; //Cannot be more than 8 characters in length

PowerSaver chip; //Set declare object for PowerSaver class

DS3234 myTime; //Set declare object for DS3234 class

SdFat sd; //Set declare object for SdFat class

SdFile file; //Set declare object for SdFile class

#define POWER 4 // pin 4 supplies power to microSD card breakout

#define myTimePOWER D // pin 6 supplies power to DS3234 myTime breakout

#define statusLED 3 //Set pin 3 for LED status

int microSDCSPin = 10; // pin 9 is micrSD card breakout CS pin

int state = 0; // this variable stores the state of PIR sensor's output (either 1 or 0)

ISR(PCINT0_vect) // Interrupt Service Routine for PCINT0 vector (pin 8)

{

asm("nop"); //set to-do nothing

}

/*SETUP*/

void setup()

{

Serial.begin(19200); // Start open serial at 19200 bps boud rate

pinMode(POWER, OUTPUT); // set output pins

pinMode(myTimePOWER, OUTPUT);

pinMode(statusLED, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(POWER, HIGH); //Set to turn on SD card

digitalWrite(myTimePOWER, HIGH); //Set turn on myTime

delay(1); //give some delay to ensure SD card is turned on properly

if(!sd.init(microSDCSPin, SPI_FULL_SPEED)) //Start initialize SD card on the SPI bus

{

delay(10);

SDcardError();

Serial.print("SD Card Error");

}

else

{

delay(10);

file.open(filename, O_CREAT | O_APPEND | O_WRITE); // open file in write mode and append data to the end of file

delay(1);

String time = myTime.timeStamp(); // get date and time from myTime

file.println();

file.print("Date/Time,Occupancy"); // Print header to file

file.println();

PrintFileTimeStamp();

file.close(); // close file - very important

// give some delay by blinking status LED to wait for the file to properly close

digitalWrite(statusLED, HIGH);

delay(10);

digitalWrite(statusLED, LOW);

}

chip.sleepInterruptSetup(); //Set to setup sleep function & pin change interrupts

}

void loop()

{

digitalWrite(POWER, LOW); // turn off SD card

digitalWrite(myTimePOWER, LOW); // turn off myTime

delay(1);

chip.turnOffADC(); // turn off ADC to save power

chip.turnOffSPI(); // turn off SPI bus to save power

//chip.turnOffWDT(); // turn off WatchDog timer. This doesn't work for Pro Mini (Rev 11); only works for Arduino Uno

chip.turnOffBOD();

chip.goodNight(); //Set to power-down mode

chip.turnOnADC(); //Set tp turn ADC once wakes up

chip.turnOnSPI(); //Set turn on SPI bus once wakes up

delay(1);

digitalWrite(POWER, HIGH); //Set turn on SD card

digitalWrite(myTimePOWER, HIGH); //Set turn on myTime

delay(10);

myTime.checkDST(); //Set check and account for Daylight Savings Time

printToSD(); // print data to SD card

}

/*Write to SD function*/

void printToSD()

{

pinMode(microSDCSPin, OUTPUT);

if(!sd.begin(microSDCSPin, SPI_FULL_SPEED)) // very important - reinitialize SD card on the SPI bus

{

delay(10);

SDcardError();

Serial.print("SD Card Error");

}

else

{

delay(10);

file.open(filename, O_WRITE | O_AT_END); // open file in write mode

delay(1);

String settime = myTime.timeStamp(); // get date and time from myTime

SPCR = 0; // reset SPI control register

state = digitalRead(2); // read current state PIR reads 1 = movement detected, 0 = no movement detected.

if(state == 1)

{file.print(settime);file.print(",");file.print("0");file.println();file.print(settime);file.print(",");file.print("1");}

else if(state == 0)

{file.print(settime);file.print(",");file.print("1");file.println();file.print(settime);file.print(",");file.print("0");}

file.println();

PrintFileTimeStamp();

file.close(); // Set to close file

digitalWrite(statusLED, HIGH);

delay(10);

digitalWrite(statusLED, LOW);

}

/*Write time stamp function*/

void PrintFileTimeStamp() // Print timestamps to data file. Format: year, month, day, hour, min, sec // file timestamps

{

file.timestamp(T_WRITE, myTime.year, myTime.month, myTime.day, myTime.hour, myTime.minute, myTime.second); // date modified

file.timestamp(T_ACCESS, myTime.year, myTime.month, myTime.day, myTime.hour, myTime.minute, myTime.second); // date accessed

}

// microSD Card Error Handler

void SDcardError()

{

for(int i=0;i<3;i++) // Turn LED blink 3 Times indicates SD card read/write error

{

digitalWrite(statusLED, HIGH); //Error LED Indicator

delay(50);

digitalWrite(statusLED, LOW); //Error LED Indicator

delay(150);

}

Downloads

Motion Data Logging with RTC / PIR as Stand Alone

Tagged on: capture date Motion pir Sensor Sensors time timestamp

Required Components

Wiring Guide

Wiring with ATMEGA328P

Source Code

Downloads

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