14CORE E-Scooter External Lighting with ATTINY85 MCU, BMS 12v 3S, 18650, 12v LED, WS2812

Another project that illustrates how to build a lighting system for Electronic Scooters and Bikes. However, this project also can be applied in car lightning accessories such as under chassis lightning or grill light effects using addressable LED Stripe & Microcontroller. See below the required components.

The 8Bit ATTINY AVRT Microcontroller

ATtiny25/45/85 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing excellent instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATtiny25/45/85 achieves throughputs resembling 1 MIPS per MHz allowing you to optimize power consumption versus processing speed.

Requirements and Alternatives

Arduino IDE | PlatformIO | Visual Studio Code
ATTINY85 Chip or Modules
SONY SPRESENSE Development Board
- Please refer to this link
ESPRESSIF Microcontrollers
3S 20Amp Battery Management System / Battery Protection Board)
N-Channel MOSFET
12v Addressable LED Strip WS2812
4x or 6x Li-Ion 18650 Battery 3.7v-2500mAH
Tactile Switch
Push Button
Resistors (See below-required values)
Capacitor(See below-required values)
Others (see below diagram for other requirements)

Wiring Diagram

Wiring Diagram Schematics for 3S 12v 20A BMS / BPB

The 3S 20A 12.6v Lithium BMS (Battery Management System / Battery Protection Board) comes with an auto-recovery function, with a nominal voltage of 3.6v, 3.7v Li-ion battery continuously discharges at 20A. keep in mind that the higher the load the board will become much hotter, in this case, need to mind the current load is in use. please refer to this link how to calculate load to the battery

Wiring Digram for 3S 3P & 4S 4P 12v and 16v on BMS (Battery Management System)

Bootloading ATTINY85

As you can see in the diagram below it is segregated into 2 different ways to flash an ATTINY MCU. The first guide is using an Arduino MCU board as a chip programmer, and the 2nd guide is using a USBASP USBISP AVR Programmer. Keep in mind that when you program the chip you need to disconnect it from the 5v L7805 regulator.

Steps how to bootload the ATTINY using USBASP AVR

Copy & Phase this the board manager > http://drazzy.com/package_drazzy.com_index.json

Any of these parts will be programmed by the use of any ISP (USB-UART) programmer. If using a version of Arduino before 1.8.13, be sure to choose a programmer with ATTinyCore after its name and connect the pins as normal for that ISP programmer.

Steps how to Bootload ATTINY85 using Arduino Board

Copy this link & phase > https://raw.githubusercontent.com/damellis/attiny/ide-1.6.x-boards-manager/package_damellis_attiny_index.json > for wiring diagram how to hookup the ATTINY85 manually to Arduino board please refer to this link.

To program our ATtiny Microcontroller with Arduino Bootloader we need to first set Arduino Uno as an ISP. Attach the Arduino Uno to the PC. Open the Arduino IDE and open the ArduinoISP example file (File -> Examples -> ArduinoISP) and upload it. If there are no error messages your Arduino should be good to go. A wiring diagram can be found here, how to hook the ATTINY MCU to the Arduino board. | Copy this link & phase > https://raw.githubusercontent.com/damellis/attiny/ide-1.6.x-boards-manager/package_damellis_attiny_index.json

Finally, we have now an 8MHz Arduino board with input/output pins. The ATtiny85 can run on 2.7-5.5V without a regulator – so a 3.7V LiPo can power the board and make a cheap, effective, slim Arduino board. The best way to verify that the ATtiny Arduino is working properly is to upload a simple code sketch. You can use the code below to run a LED light effects. If you can upload the sketch to the ATtiny85 then you have a fully working Arduino 8MHz ATtiny85 Microcontroller, the possibilities are nearly identical to the ATmega328p, except for fewer ports and some limitations. However, the ATtiny Arduino is fully capable of managing analog read and writing, digital reading and writing, UART communication, power-down modes, SPI-interface, interrupt capabilities. However, you can now load the code below directly to ATTINY85 with your IDE.

Source Code

#include &lt;avr/sleep.h&gt;
#include 
#include 
#include 

// ATTINY85 RGB WS2812 / WS2812B | WS2815 5050 &gt;&gt; TEST CODE //

#define adc_disable() (ADCSRA &amp;= ~(1&lt;&lt;ADEN)) // disable ADC (before power-off)
#define adc_enable()  (ADCSRA |=  (1&lt;&lt;ADEN)) // re-enable ADC #define RC_PIN 3 #define LED_NUMBER 8 #define LED_MULTIPLIER 5 #define LED_PIN 2 #define SLEEP_TIME 30 #define BUTTON_PIN 0 #define COLORS 7 #define LONG_PUSH_THRESHOLD 20 #define MAX_CYCLE 256 #define MODES 9 #define EEPROM_MODE_ADDRESS 0 #define EEPROM_COLOR_ADDRESS 1 #define LPF_FACTOR 0.8 const byte colors[COLORS][3] = { {255, 0, 0}, {0, 255, 0}, {0, 0, 255}, {255, 0, 255}, {255, 255, 0}, {0, 255, 255}, {255, 255, 255} }; WS2812 LED(LED_NUMBER * LED_MULTIPLIER); byte mode = 0; byte pushStartCycle; byte i; byte colorIndex = 0; byte cycle = 0; cRGB currentColor; cRGB off; cRGB background; cRGB output[LED_NUMBER] = {}; volatile unsigned long risingStart = 0; volatile unsigned int channelLength = 0; int smooth(int data, float filterVal, float smoothedVal){ if (filterVal &gt; 1){ // check to make sure params are within range
    filterVal = .99;
  }
  else if (filterVal &lt;= 0){ filterVal = 0; } smoothedVal = (data * (1 - filterVal)) + (smoothedVal * filterVal); return (int)smoothedVal; } void setColor() { currentColor.r = colors[colorIndex][0]; currentColor.g = colors[colorIndex][1]; currentColor.b = colors[colorIndex][2]; background.r = colors[colorIndex][0] / 5; background.g = colors[colorIndex][1] / 5; background.b = colors[colorIndex][2] / 5; } void setup() { adc_disable(); LED.setOutput(LED_PIN); pinMode(BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP); off.r = 0; off.g = 0; off.b = 0; mode = EEPROM.read(EEPROM_MODE_ADDRESS); if (mode &gt;= MODES) {
    mode = 0;  
  }

  colorIndex = EEPROM.read(EEPROM_COLOR_ADDRESS);
  if (colorIndex &gt;= COLORS) {
    colorIndex = 0;  
  }

  setColor();

  attachPinChangeInterrupt(RC_PIN, onChange, CHANGE);
}

void onChange(void) {
  uint8_t trigger = getPinChangeInterruptTrigger(RC_PIN);

  if(trigger == RISING) {
    risingStart = micros();
  } else if(trigger == FALLING) {
    unsigned int val = micros() - risingStart;
    channelLength = smooth(val, LPF_FACTOR, channelLength);
  }
}

void modeOff(byte currentCycle) {
  for (i = 0; i &lt; LED_NUMBER; i++) {
    output[i] = off;
  }
}

void modeOn(byte currentCycle) {
  
  for (i = 0; i &lt; LED_NUMBER; i++) {
    output[i] = currentColor;
  }
}

byte getDivider(byte denom, byte cycle) {
  return cycle / denom;
}

void modeSingleWander(byte currentCycle) {

  currentCycle = getDivider(2, currentCycle);

  for (i = 0; i &lt; LED_NUMBER; i++) {
    output[i] = background; 
  }

  output[currentCycle % LED_NUMBER] = currentColor; 
}

void setOutput(byte led, cRGB color) {

//  if (led &lt;= LED_NUMBER) {
    output[led] = color; 
//  }
  
}

void modeRapid(byte currentCycle) {

  for (i = 0; i &lt; LED_NUMBER; i++) {
    output[i] = background; 
  }

  if (currentCycle == LED_NUMBER &lt;&lt; 2) {
    cycle = 0;
    currentCycle = 0;
  }

  if (currentCycle &lt; LED_NUMBER) {
    setOutput(currentCycle % LED_NUMBER, currentColor);

    if (currentCycle + 1 &lt; LED_NUMBER) {
      setOutput((currentCycle + 1) % LED_NUMBER, currentColor);
    }
    if (currentCycle + 2 &lt; LED_NUMBER) {
      setOutput((currentCycle + 2) % LED_NUMBER, currentColor);
    }
  } 
  
}

void modeBoldWander(byte currentCycle) {

  currentCycle = getDivider(2, currentCycle);

  for (i = 0; i &lt; LED_NUMBER; i++) {
    output[i] = background; 
  }

  output[currentCycle % LED_NUMBER] = currentColor;
  output[(currentCycle + 1) % LED_NUMBER] = currentColor; 
}

void modeBolderWander(byte currentCycle) {

  currentCycle = getDivider(2, currentCycle);

  for (i = 0; i &lt; LED_NUMBER; i++) {
    output[i] = off; 
  }

  output[currentCycle % LED_NUMBER] = currentColor;
  output[(currentCycle + 1) % LED_NUMBER] = currentColor; 
  output[(currentCycle + 2) % LED_NUMBER] = currentColor; 
  output[(currentCycle + 3) % LED_NUMBER] = currentColor; 
}

void modeDoubleWander(byte currentCycle) {

  currentCycle = getDivider(2, currentCycle);

  for (i = 0; i &lt; LED_NUMBER; i++) {
    output[i] = off; 
  }

  output[currentCycle % LED_NUMBER] = currentColor; 
  output[(MAX_CYCLE - currentCycle) % LED_NUMBER] = currentColor; 

}

void modeChase(byte currentCycle) {

  currentCycle = getDivider(2, currentCycle);

  for (i = 0; i &lt; LED_NUMBER; i++) {
    output[i] = off; 
  }

  output[currentCycle % LED_NUMBER] = currentColor; 
  output[(currentCycle + (LED_NUMBER / 2)) % LED_NUMBER] = currentColor; 

}

void modeFlash(byte currentCycle) {

  currentCycle = getDivider(2, currentCycle);

  cRGB state = off;

  if (currentCycle % 16 == 12 or currentCycle % 16 == 15) {
     state = currentColor;
  }

  for (i = 0; i &lt; LED_NUMBER; i++) { output[i] = state; } } byte previousPin = LOW; byte controllState = LOW; byte previousState = LOW; void loop() { byte pin = digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN); controllState = LOW; if (channelLength &gt; 1750 &amp;&amp; channelLength &lt; 2200 || digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN) == LOW) { controllState = HIGH; } if (controllState == HIGH and previousState == LOW) { pushStartCycle = cycle; } if (controllState == LOW and previousState == HIGH) { if (abs(cycle - pushStartCycle) &gt; LONG_PUSH_THRESHOLD) {
      /*
       * Cycle color procedure
       */
      colorIndex++;
  
      if (colorIndex == COLORS) {
        colorIndex = 0;
      }
      EEPROM.write(EEPROM_COLOR_ADDRESS, colorIndex);
      setColor();

      cycle = 0;
      pushStartCycle = 0;
      
    } else if (abs(cycle - pushStartCycle) &gt; 1) {
      mode++;

      if (mode == MODES) {
        mode = 0;
      }

      cycle = 0;
      pushStartCycle = 0;
      
      EEPROM.write(EEPROM_MODE_ADDRESS, mode);
    }
  }

  previousState = controllState;

  switch (mode) {

    case 0:
      modeOff(cycle);
      break;

    case 1:
      modeOn(cycle);
      break;

    case 2:
      modeSingleWander(cycle);
      break;

    case 3:
      modeBoldWander(cycle);
      break;
      
    case 4:
      modeDoubleWander(cycle);
      break;

    case 5:
      modeChase(cycle);
      break;

    case 6:
      modeFlash(cycle);
      break;

    case 7:
      modeBolderWander(cycle);
      break;

    case 8:
      modeRapid(cycle);
      break;
    
  }

  for (byte strip = 0; strip &lt; LED_MULTIPLIER; strip++) {
    for (byte i = 0; i &lt; LED_NUMBER; i++) {
      LED.set_crgb_at(i + (strip * LED_NUMBER), output[i]); 
    }
  }

  LED.sync();

  cycle++;
  if (cycle == MAX_CYCLE) {
    cycle = 0;
  }
  delay(SLEEP_TIME);
}

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

200

201

202

203

204

205

206

207

208

209

210

211

212

213

214

215

216

217

218

219

220

221

222

223

224

225

226

227

228

229

230

231

232

233

234

235

236

237

238

239

240

241

242

243

#include <avr/sleep.h>

#include

// ATTINY85 RGB WS2812 / WS2812B | WS2815 5050 >> TEST CODE //

#define adc_disable() (ADCSRA &= ~(1<<ADEN)) // disable ADC (before power-off)

#define adc_enable() (ADCSRA |= (1<<ADEN)) // re-enable ADC #define RC_PIN 3 #define LED_NUMBER 8 #define LED_MULTIPLIER 5 #define LED_PIN 2 #define SLEEP_TIME 30 #define BUTTON_PIN 0 #define COLORS 7 #define LONG_PUSH_THRESHOLD 20 #define MAX_CYCLE 256 #define MODES 9 #define EEPROM_MODE_ADDRESS 0 #define EEPROM_COLOR_ADDRESS 1 #define LPF_FACTOR 0.8 const byte colors[COLORS][3] = { {255, 0, 0}, {0, 255, 0}, {0, 0, 255}, {255, 0, 255}, {255, 255, 0}, {0, 255, 255}, {255, 255, 255} }; WS2812 LED(LED_NUMBER * LED_MULTIPLIER); byte mode = 0; byte pushStartCycle; byte i; byte colorIndex = 0; byte cycle = 0; cRGB currentColor; cRGB off; cRGB background; cRGB output[LED_NUMBER] = {}; volatile unsigned long risingStart = 0; volatile unsigned int channelLength = 0; int smooth(int data, float filterVal, float smoothedVal){ if (filterVal > 1){ // check to make sure params are within range

filterVal = .99;

}

else if (filterVal <= 0){ filterVal = 0; } smoothedVal = (data * (1 - filterVal)) + (smoothedVal * filterVal); return (int)smoothedVal; } void setColor() { currentColor.r = colors[colorIndex][0]; currentColor.g = colors[colorIndex][1]; currentColor.b = colors[colorIndex][2]; background.r = colors[colorIndex][0] / 5; background.g = colors[colorIndex][1] / 5; background.b = colors[colorIndex][2] / 5; } void setup() { adc_disable(); LED.setOutput(LED_PIN); pinMode(BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP); off.r = 0; off.g = 0; off.b = 0; mode = EEPROM.read(EEPROM_MODE_ADDRESS); if (mode >= MODES) {

mode = 0;

}

colorIndex = EEPROM.read(EEPROM_COLOR_ADDRESS);

if (colorIndex >= COLORS) {

colorIndex = 0;

}

setColor();

attachPinChangeInterrupt(RC_PIN, onChange, CHANGE);

}

void onChange(void) {

uint8_t trigger = getPinChangeInterruptTrigger(RC_PIN);

if(trigger == RISING) {

risingStart = micros();

} else if(trigger == FALLING) {

unsigned int val = micros() - risingStart;

channelLength = smooth(val, LPF_FACTOR, channelLength);

}

void modeOff(byte currentCycle) {

for (i = 0; i < LED_NUMBER; i++) {

output[i] = off;

}

void modeOn(byte currentCycle) {

for (i = 0; i < LED_NUMBER; i++) {

output[i] = currentColor;

}

byte getDivider(byte denom, byte cycle) {

return cycle / denom;

}

void modeSingleWander(byte currentCycle) {

currentCycle = getDivider(2, currentCycle);

for (i = 0; i < LED_NUMBER; i++) {

output[i] = background;

}

output[currentCycle % LED_NUMBER] = currentColor;

}

void setOutput(byte led, cRGB color) {

// if (led <= LED_NUMBER) {

output[led] = color;

// }

}

void modeRapid(byte currentCycle) {

for (i = 0; i < LED_NUMBER; i++) {

output[i] = background;

}

if (currentCycle == LED_NUMBER << 2) {

cycle = 0;

currentCycle = 0;

}

if (currentCycle < LED_NUMBER) {

setOutput(currentCycle % LED_NUMBER, currentColor);

if (currentCycle + 1 < LED_NUMBER) {

setOutput((currentCycle + 1) % LED_NUMBER, currentColor);

}

if (currentCycle + 2 < LED_NUMBER) {

setOutput((currentCycle + 2) % LED_NUMBER, currentColor);

}

void modeBoldWander(byte currentCycle) {

currentCycle = getDivider(2, currentCycle);

for (i = 0; i < LED_NUMBER; i++) {

output[i] = background;

}

output[currentCycle % LED_NUMBER] = currentColor;

output[(currentCycle + 1) % LED_NUMBER] = currentColor;

}

void modeBolderWander(byte currentCycle) {

currentCycle = getDivider(2, currentCycle);

for (i = 0; i < LED_NUMBER; i++) {

output[i] = off;

}

output[currentCycle % LED_NUMBER] = currentColor;

output[(currentCycle + 1) % LED_NUMBER] = currentColor;

output[(currentCycle + 2) % LED_NUMBER] = currentColor;

output[(currentCycle + 3) % LED_NUMBER] = currentColor;

}

void modeDoubleWander(byte currentCycle) {

currentCycle = getDivider(2, currentCycle);

for (i = 0; i < LED_NUMBER; i++) {

output[i] = off;

}

output[currentCycle % LED_NUMBER] = currentColor;

output[(MAX_CYCLE - currentCycle) % LED_NUMBER] = currentColor;

}

void modeChase(byte currentCycle) {

currentCycle = getDivider(2, currentCycle);

for (i = 0; i < LED_NUMBER; i++) {

output[i] = off;

}

output[currentCycle % LED_NUMBER] = currentColor;

output[(currentCycle + (LED_NUMBER / 2)) % LED_NUMBER] = currentColor;

}

void modeFlash(byte currentCycle) {

currentCycle = getDivider(2, currentCycle);

cRGB state = off;

if (currentCycle % 16 == 12 or currentCycle % 16 == 15) {

state = currentColor;

}

for (i = 0; i < LED_NUMBER; i++) { output[i] = state; } } byte previousPin = LOW; byte controllState = LOW; byte previousState = LOW; void loop() { byte pin = digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN); controllState = LOW; if (channelLength > 1750 && channelLength < 2200 || digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN) == LOW) { controllState = HIGH; } if (controllState == HIGH and previousState == LOW) { pushStartCycle = cycle; } if (controllState == LOW and previousState == HIGH) { if (abs(cycle - pushStartCycle) > LONG_PUSH_THRESHOLD) {

* Cycle color procedure

colorIndex++;

if (colorIndex == COLORS) {

colorIndex = 0;

}

EEPROM.write(EEPROM_COLOR_ADDRESS, colorIndex);

setColor();

cycle = 0;

pushStartCycle = 0;

} else if (abs(cycle - pushStartCycle) > 1) {

mode++;

if (mode == MODES) {

mode = 0;

}

cycle = 0;

pushStartCycle = 0;

EEPROM.write(EEPROM_MODE_ADDRESS, mode);

}

previousState = controllState;

switch (mode) {

case 0:

modeOff(cycle);

break;

case 1:

modeOn(cycle);

break;

case 2:

modeSingleWander(cycle);

break;

case 3:

modeBoldWander(cycle);

break;

case 4:

modeDoubleWander(cycle);

break;

case 5:

modeChase(cycle);

break;

case 6:

modeFlash(cycle);

break;

case 7:

modeBolderWander(cycle);

break;

case 8:

modeRapid(cycle);

break;

}

for (byte strip = 0; strip < LED_MULTIPLIER; strip++) {

for (byte i = 0; i < LED_NUMBER; i++) {

LED.set_crgb_at(i + (strip * LED_NUMBER), output[i]);

}

LED.sync();

cycle++;

if (cycle == MAX_CYCLE) {

cycle = 0;

}

delay(SLEEP_TIME);

}

Downloads

14CORE E-Scooter External Lighting with ATTINY85 MCU, BMS 12v 3S, 18650, 12v LED, WS2812

The 8Bit ATTINY AVRT Microcontroller

Requirements and Alternatives

Wiring Diagram

Wiring Diagram Schematics for 3S 12v 20A BMS / BPB

Wiring Digram for 3S 3P & 4S 4P 12v and 16v on BMS (Battery Management System)

Bootloading ATTINY85

Steps how to bootload the ATTINY using USBASP AVR

Steps how to Bootload ATTINY85 using Arduino Board

Source Code

Downloads

Related Article:

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Important Cookie Information :