Wiring WS2812 8-Bit RGB LED Strip with Arduino

In this illustration we’re going to wire the 8bit WS2812B 50-50 which Chainable, addressable LED (Light Emitting Diode) A precise on any vivid colorful light mixing animation, these module as the example for this demonstration we going to control each WS2812B LED using Digital and serial communication. There are two types or version of WS2812 the WS2812 and the WS2812B see the diagram below the difference between the two of theme.

The WS2812 is a family of smart LED light source that control circuit and RGB chip are integrated in a package 50-50 component. It is an onboard intelligent digital port latch and signal reshaping implication drive circuit an effectively ensuring that the pixel point light color are HIGH and consistent.

The data transfer protocol uses a single NZR communication mode. When powering the pixel the D-IN port receive data from the microcontroller, the first pixel collect initial a 24bit of data then sent to the internal data latch, the other data which is reshaping by the internal signal, reshaping amplification circuit sent to the next cascade pixel through the DO port.After transmission for each pixel the signal will reduce to 24bit. The pixel adopt an auto reshaping transmit technology, making the pixel cascade number is not limited the signal transmission only depend on the speed of the signal transmission.

The WS2812B is a new generation of the product based on WS2812. It is not only inherited from the WS2812 but also improve the Integrated Circuit from mechanical arrangement outside & inside to the structure and enhance the stability and efficiency.

Compared to the first version of WS2812 and the new WS2812B they added a reverse protection circuit. The circuit has been reverse the connection of the power supply without any damage to the device and to increase the stability which in effect.

As you can see the mechanical design. You can see the comparison between the two, it is very easy to find the difference between the WS281 and WS2812B the same size but difference is the PIN number they reduced to 4 pin, with the decrease of the spacing between adjacent legs is added.

WS2812 / WS2812B

WS2812 Protocol

Wiring with Arduino

Predefined Colors in FastLED Library

Arduino Sketch Code w/d Fast LED

#include "FastLED.h"
// Number of RGB LEDs in the strand
#define NUM_LEDS 60

// Define the array of leds
CRGB leds[NUM_LEDS];
// Arduino pin used for Data
#define PIN 6

void setup()
{
  FastLED.addLeds<NEOPIXEL, PIN, RGB>(leds, NUM_LEDS);
}

void loop() {
  // one at a time
  for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
    for(int i = 0 ; i < NUM_LEDS; i++ ) {
      memset(leds, 0, NUM_LEDS * 3);
      switch(j) {
        case 0: leds[i].r = 255; break;
        case 1: leds[i].g = 255; break;
        case 2: leds[i].b = 255; break;
      }
      FastLED.show();
      delay(10);
    }
  }

  // growing/receeding bars
  for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
    memset(leds, 0, NUM_LEDS * 3);
    for(int i = 0 ; i < NUM_LEDS; i++ ) {
      switch(j) {
        case 0: leds[i].r = 255; break;
        case 1: leds[i].g = 255; break;
        case 2: leds[i].b = 255; break;
      }
      FastLED.show();
      delay(10);
    }
    for(int i = NUM_LEDS-1 ; i >= 0; i-- ) {
      switch(j) {
        case 0: leds[i].r = 0; break;
        case 1: leds[i].g = 0; break;
        case 2: leds[i].b = 0; break;
      }
      FastSPI_LED.show();
      delay(1);
    }
  }

  // Fade in/fade out
  for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++ ) {
    memset(leds, 0, NUM_LEDS * 3);
    for(int k = 0; k < 256; k++) {
      for(int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++ ) {
        switch(j) {
          case 0: leds[i].r = k; break;
          case 1: leds[i].g = k; break;
          case 2: leds[i].b = k; break;
        }
      }
      FastLED.show();
      delay(3);
    }
    for(int k = 255; k >= 0; k--) {
      for(int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++ ) {
        switch(j) {
          case 0: leds[i].r = k; break;
          case 1: leds[i].g = k; break;
          case 2: leds[i].b = k; break;
        }
      }
      FastLED.show();
      delay(3);
    }
  }
}

#include "FastLED.h"

// Number of RGB LEDs in the strand

#define NUM_LEDS 60

// Define the array of leds

CRGB leds[NUM_LEDS];

// Arduino pin used for Data

#define PIN 6

void setup()

{

FastLED.addLeds<NEOPIXEL, PIN, RGB>(leds, NUM_LEDS);

}

void loop() {

// one at a time

for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {

for(int i = 0 ; i < NUM_LEDS; i++ ) {

memset(leds, 0, NUM_LEDS * 3);

switch(j) {

case 0: leds[i].r = 255; break;

case 1: leds[i].g = 255; break;

case 2: leds[i].b = 255; break;

}

FastLED.show();

delay(10);

}

// growing/receeding bars

for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {

memset(leds, 0, NUM_LEDS * 3);

for(int i = 0 ; i < NUM_LEDS; i++ ) {

switch(j) {

case 0: leds[i].r = 255; break;

case 1: leds[i].g = 255; break;

case 2: leds[i].b = 255; break;

}

FastLED.show();

delay(10);

}

for(int i = NUM_LEDS-1 ; i >= 0; i-- ) {

switch(j) {

case 0: leds[i].r = 0; break;

case 1: leds[i].g = 0; break;

case 2: leds[i].b = 0; break;

}

FastSPI_LED.show();

delay(1);

}

// Fade in/fade out

for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++ ) {

memset(leds, 0, NUM_LEDS * 3);

for(int k = 0; k < 256; k++) {

for(int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++ ) {

switch(j) {

case 0: leds[i].r = k; break;

case 1: leds[i].g = k; break;

case 2: leds[i].b = k; break;

}

FastLED.show();

delay(3);

}

for(int k = 255; k >= 0; k--) {

for(int i = 0; i < NUM_LEDS; i++ ) {

switch(j) {

case 0: leds[i].r = k; break;

case 1: leds[i].g = k; break;

case 2: leds[i].b = k; break;

}

FastLED.show();

delay(3);

}

#include <FastSPI_LED2.h>

//---LED SETUP STUFF
#define LED_COUNT 24
#define LED_PIN 13

int BOTTOM_INDEX = 0;
int TOP_INDEX = int(LED_COUNT/2);
int EVENODD = LED_COUNT%2;
struct CRGB leds[LED_COUNT];
int ledsX[LED_COUNT][3];     //-ARRAY FOR COPYING WHATS IN THE LED STRIP CURRENTLY (FOR CELL-AUTOMATA, MARCH, ETC)
int ledMode = 3;             //-START IN RAINBOW LOOP

//---SERIAL/BLUETOOTH SETUP STUFF
#define SERIAL_BAUDRATE 9600
byte inbyte;                 //-SERIAL INPUT BYTE
int thisarg;                 //-SERIAL INPUT ARG

//---LED FX VARS
int max_bright = 64;         //-SET MAX BRIGHTNESS TO 1/4
int idex = 0;                //-LED INDEX (0 to LED_COUNT-1
int idx_offset = 0;          //-OFFSET INDEX (BOTTOM LED TO ZERO WHEN LOOP IS TURNED/DOESN'T REALLY WORK)
int ihue = 0;                //-HUE (0-360)
static uint8_t startinghue = 0;
int ibright = 0;             //-BRIGHTNESS (0-255)
int isat = 0;                //-SATURATION (0-255)
int bouncedirection = 0;     //-SWITCH FOR COLOR BOUNCE (0-1)
float tcount = 0.0;          //-INC VAR FOR SIN LOOPS
int lcount = 0;              //-ANOTHER COUNTING VAR



//------------------------------------- UTILITY FXNS --------------------------------------
//---SET THE COLOR OF A SINGLE RGB LED
void set_color_led(int adex, int cred, int cgrn, int cblu) {  
  int bdex;  
  if (idx_offset > 0) {  //-APPLY INDEX OFFSET 
    bdex = (adex + idx_offset) % LED_COUNT;
  }
  else {bdex = adex;}
  leds[bdex].r = cred;
  leds[bdex].g = cgrn;
  leds[bdex].b = cblu;  
  }

//---FIND INDEX OF HORIZONAL OPPOSITE LED
int horizontal_index(int i) {
  //-ONLY WORKS WITH INDEX < TOPINDEX
  if (i == BOTTOM_INDEX) {return BOTTOM_INDEX;}
  if (i == TOP_INDEX && EVENODD == 1) {return TOP_INDEX + 1;}
  if (i == TOP_INDEX && EVENODD == 0) {return TOP_INDEX;}
  return LED_COUNT - i;  
}

//---FIND INDEX OF ANTIPODAL OPPOSITE LED
int antipodal_index(int i) {
  //int N2 = int(LED_COUNT/2);
  int iN = i + TOP_INDEX;
  if (i >= TOP_INDEX) {iN = ( i + TOP_INDEX ) % LED_COUNT; }
  return iN;
}

//---FIND ADJACENT INDEX CLOCKWISE
int adjacent_cw(int i) {
  int r;
  if (i < LED_COUNT - 1) {r = i + 1;}
  else {r = 0;}
  return r;
}

//---FIND ADJACENT INDEX COUNTER-CLOCKWISE
int adjacent_ccw(int i) {
  int r;
  if (i > 0) {r = i - 1;}
  else {r = LED_COUNT - 1;}
  return r;
}

void copy_led_array(){
  for(int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {
    ledsX[i][0] = leds[i].r;
    ledsX[i][1] = leds[i].g;
    ledsX[i][2] = leds[i].b;
  }  
}



//------------------------LED EFFECT FUNCTIONS------------------------
void one_color_all(int cred, int cgrn, int cblu) {       //-SET ALL LEDS TO ONE COLOR
    for(int i = 0 ; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {
      set_color_led(i, cred, cgrn, cblu);
      LEDS.show();       
      delay(1);
    }  
}

void rainbow_fade(int idelay) {                         //-m2-FADE ALL LEDS THROUGH HSV RAINBOW
    ihue++;
    if (ihue >= 359) {ihue = 0;}
    for(int idex = 0 ; idex < LED_COUNT; idex++ ) {
      leds[idex] = CHSV(ihue, 255, 255);
    }
    LEDS.show();    
    delay(idelay);
}

void rainbow_loop(int istep, int idelay) {              //-m3-LOOP HSV RAINBOW
  idex++;
  ihue = ihue + istep;
  if (idex >= LED_COUNT) {idex = 0;}
  if (ihue >= 359) {ihue = 0;}
  leds[idex] = CHSV(ihue, 255, 255);
  LEDS.show();
  delay(idelay);
}

void random_burst(int idelay) {                         //-m4-RANDOM INDEX/COLOR
  idex = random(0,LED_COUNT);
  ihue = random(0,359);  
  leds[idex] = CHSV(ihue, 255, 255);
  LEDS.show();
  delay(idelay);
}

void color_bounce(int idelay) {                        //-m5-BOUNCE COLOR (SINGLE LED)
  if (bouncedirection == 0) {
    idex = idex + 1;
    if (idex == LED_COUNT) {
      bouncedirection = 1;
      idex = idex - 1;
    }
  }
  if (bouncedirection == 1) {
    idex = idex - 1;
    if (idex == 0) {
      bouncedirection = 0;
    }
  }  
  for(int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {
    if (i == idex) {set_color_led(i, 255, 0, 0);}
    else {set_color_led(i, 0, 0, 0);}
  }
  LEDS.show();
  delay(idelay);
}

void color_bounceFADE(int idelay) {                    //-m6-BOUNCE COLOR (SIMPLE MULTI-LED FADE)
  if (bouncedirection == 0) {
    idex = idex + 1;
    if (idex == LED_COUNT) {
      bouncedirection = 1;
      idex = idex - 1;
    }
  }
  if (bouncedirection == 1) {
    idex = idex - 1;
    if (idex == 0) {
      bouncedirection = 0;
    }
  }
  int iL1 = adjacent_cw(idex);
  int iL2 = adjacent_cw(iL1);
  int iL3 = adjacent_cw(iL2);
  int iR1 = adjacent_ccw(idex);
  int iR2 = adjacent_ccw(iR1);
  int iR3 = adjacent_ccw(iR2);
  for(int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {
    if (i == idex) {set_color_led(i, 255, 0, 0);}
    else if (i == iL1) {set_color_led(i, 100, 0, 0);}
    else if (i == iL2) {set_color_led(i, 50, 0, 0);}
    else if (i == iL3) {set_color_led(i, 10, 0, 0);}        
    else if (i == iR1) {set_color_led(i, 100, 0, 0);}
    else if (i == iR2) {set_color_led(i, 50, 0, 0);}
    else if (i == iR3) {set_color_led(i, 10, 0, 0);}    
    else {set_color_led(i, 0, 0, 0);}
  }
  LEDS.show();
  delay(idelay);
}

void police_lightsONE(int idelay) {                    //-m7-POLICE LIGHTS (TWO COLOR SINGLE LED)
  idex++;
  if (idex >= LED_COUNT) {idex = 0;}
  int idexR = idex;
  int idexB = antipodal_index(idexR);  
  for(int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {
    if (i == idexR) {set_color_led(i, 255, 0, 0);}
    else if (i == idexB) {set_color_led(i, 0, 0, 255);}    
    else {set_color_led(i, 0, 0, 0);}
  }
  LEDS.show();  
  delay(idelay);
}

void police_lightsALL(int idelay) {                  //-m8-POLICE LIGHTS (TWO COLOR SOLID)
  idex++;
  if (idex >= LED_COUNT) {idex = 0;}
  int idexR = idex;
  int idexB = antipodal_index(idexR);
  set_color_led(idexR, 255, 0, 0);
  set_color_led(idexB, 0, 0, 255);
  LEDS.show();  
  delay(idelay);
}

void flicker(int thishue, int thissat) {            //-m9-FLICKER EFFECT
  int random_bright = random(0,255);
  int random_delay = random(10,100);
  int random_bool = random(0,random_bright);
  if (random_bool < 10) {
    for(int i = 0 ; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {
      leds[i] = CHSV(thishue, thissat, random_bright);
    }
    LEDS.show();    
    delay(random_delay);
  }
}

void pulse_one_color_all(int ihue, int idelay) {    //-m10-PULSE BRIGHTNESS ON ALL LEDS TO ONE COLOR 
  if (bouncedirection == 0) {
    ibright++;
    if (ibright >= 255) {bouncedirection = 1;}
  }
  if (bouncedirection == 1) {
    ibright = ibright - 1;
    if (ibright <= 1) {bouncedirection = 0;}         
  }  
    for(int idex = 0 ; idex < LED_COUNT; idex++ ) {
      leds[idex] = CHSV(ihue, 255, ibright);
    }
    LEDS.show();    
    delay(idelay);
}

void pulse_one_color_all_rev(int ihue, int idelay) { //-m11-PULSE SATURATION ON ALL LEDS TO ONE COLOR 
  if (bouncedirection == 0) {
    isat++;
    if (isat >= 255) {bouncedirection = 1;}
  }
  if (bouncedirection == 1) {
    isat = isat - 1;
    if (isat <= 1) {bouncedirection = 0;}         
  }  
    for(int idex = 0 ; idex < LED_COUNT; idex++ ) {
      leds[idex] = CHSV(ihue, isat, 255);
    }
    LEDS.show();
    delay(idelay);
}

void fade_vertical(int ihue, int idelay) {        //-m12-FADE 'UP' THE LOOP
  idex++;
  if (idex > TOP_INDEX) {idex = 0;}  
  int idexA = idex;
  int idexB = horizontal_index(idexA);
  ibright = ibright + 10;
  if (ibright > 255) {ibright = 0;}
  leds[idexA] = CHSV(ihue, 255, ibright);
  leds[idexB] = CHSV(ihue, 255, ibright);
  LEDS.show();
  delay(idelay);
}

void random_red() {                            //QUICK 'N DIRTY RANDOMIZE TO GET CELL AUTOMATA STARTED  
  int temprand;
  for(int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {
    temprand = random(0,100);
    if (temprand > 50) {leds[i].r = 255;}
    if (temprand <= 50) {leds[i].r = 0;}
    leds[i].b = 0; leds[i].g = 0;
  }
  LEDS.show();  
}

void rule30(int idelay) {                      //-m13-1D CELLULAR AUTOMATA - RULE 30 (RED FOR NOW)
  if (bouncedirection == 0) {
    random_red();
    bouncedirection = 1;
  }
  copy_led_array();
  int iCW;
  int iCCW;
  int y = 100;  
  for(int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {
    iCW = adjacent_cw(i);
    iCCW = adjacent_ccw(i);
    if (ledsX[iCCW][0] > y && ledsX[i][0] > y && ledsX[iCW][0] > y) {leds[i].r = 0;}
    if (ledsX[iCCW][0] > y && ledsX[i][0] > y && ledsX[iCW][0] <= y) {leds[i].r = 0;}
    if (ledsX[iCCW][0] > y && ledsX[i][0] <= y && ledsX[iCW][0] > y) {leds[i].r = 0;}
    if (ledsX[iCCW][0] > y && ledsX[i][0] <= y && ledsX[iCW][0] <= y) {leds[i].r = 255;}
    if (ledsX[iCCW][0] <= y && ledsX[i][0] > y && ledsX[iCW][0] > y) {leds[i].r = 255;}
    if (ledsX[iCCW][0] <= y && ledsX[i][0] > y && ledsX[iCW][0] <= y) {leds[i].r = 255;}
    if (ledsX[iCCW][0] <= y && ledsX[i][0] <= y && ledsX[iCW][0] > y) {leds[i].r = 255;}
    if (ledsX[iCCW][0] <= y && ledsX[i][0] <= y && ledsX[iCW][0] <= y) {leds[i].r = 0;}
  }
  LEDS.show();  
  delay(idelay);
}

void random_march(int idelay) {                 //-m14-RANDOM MARCH CCW
  copy_led_array();
  int iCCW;
  leds[0] = CHSV(random(0,360), 255, 255);
  for(int idex = 1; idex < LED_COUNT ; idex++ ) {
    iCCW = adjacent_ccw(idex);
    leds[idex].r = ledsX[iCCW][0];
    leds[idex].g = ledsX[iCCW][1];
    leds[idex].b = ledsX[iCCW][2];
  }
  LEDS.show();  
  delay(idelay);
}

void rwb_march(int idelay) {                    //-m15-R,W,B MARCH CCW
  copy_led_array();
  int iCCW;
  idex++;
  if (idex > 2) {idex = 0;}
  switch (idex) {
    case 0:
      leds[0].r = 255;
      leds[0].g = 0;
      leds[0].b = 0;
    break;
    case 1:
      leds[0].r = 255;
      leds[0].g = 255;
      leds[0].b = 255;
    break;
    case 2:
      leds[0].r = 0;
      leds[0].g = 0;
      leds[0].b = 255;
    break;
  }
    for(int i = 1; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {
      iCCW = adjacent_ccw(i);
      leds[i].r = ledsX[iCCW][0];
      leds[i].g = ledsX[iCCW][1];
      leds[i].b = ledsX[iCCW][2];    
    }
  LEDS.show();  
  delay(idelay);
}

void radiation(int ihue, int idelay) {          //-m16-SORT OF RADIATION SYMBOLISH- 
  int N3  = int(LED_COUNT/3);
  int N6  = int(LED_COUNT/6);  
  int N12 = int(LED_COUNT/12);  
  for(int i = 0; i < N6; i++ ) { //-HACKY, I KNOW...
    tcount = tcount + .02;
    if (tcount > 3.14) {tcount = 0.0;}
    ibright = int(sin(tcount)*255);    
    int j0 = (i + LED_COUNT - N12) % LED_COUNT;
    int j1 = (j0+N3) % LED_COUNT;
    int j2 = (j1+N3) % LED_COUNT;    
    leds[j0] = CHSV(ihue, 255, ibright);
    leds[j1] = CHSV(ihue, 255, ibright);
    leds[j2] = CHSV(ihue, 255, ibright);    
  }    
    LEDS.show();    
    delay(idelay);    
}

void color_loop_vardelay() {                    //-m17-COLOR LOOP (SINGLE LED) w/ VARIABLE DELAY
  idex++;
  if (idex > LED_COUNT) {idex = 0;}
  int di = abs(TOP_INDEX - idex);
  int t = constrain((10/di)*10, 10, 500);
  for(int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {
    if (i == idex) {
      leds[i] = CHSV(0, 255, 255);
    }
    else {
      leds[i].r = 0; leds[i].g = 0; leds[i].b = 0;
    }
  }
  LEDS.show();  
  delay(t);
}

void white_temps() {                            //-m18-SHOW A SAMPLE OF BLACK BODY RADIATION COLOR TEMPERATURES
  int N9 = int(LED_COUNT/9);
  for (int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {
    if (i >= 0 && i < N9) {leds[i].r = 255; leds[i].g = 147; leds[i].b = 41;}         //-CANDLE - 1900
    if (i >= N9 && i < N9*2) {leds[i].r = 255; leds[i].g = 197; leds[i].b = 143;}     //-40W TUNG - 2600
    if (i >= N9*2 && i < N9*3) {leds[i].r = 255; leds[i].g = 214; leds[i].b = 170;}   //-100W TUNG - 2850
    if (i >= N9*3 && i < N9*4) {leds[i].r = 255; leds[i].g = 241; leds[i].b = 224;}   //-HALOGEN - 3200
    if (i >= N9*4 && i < N9*5) {leds[i].r = 255; leds[i].g = 250; leds[i].b = 244;}   //-CARBON ARC - 5200
    if (i >= N9*5 && i < N9*6) {leds[i].r = 255; leds[i].g = 255; leds[i].b = 251;}   //-HIGH NOON SUN - 5400
    if (i >= N9*6 && i < N9*7) {leds[i].r = 255; leds[i].g = 255; leds[i].b = 255;}   //-DIRECT SUN - 6000
    if (i >= N9*7 && i < N9*8) {leds[i].r = 201; leds[i].g = 226; leds[i].b = 255;}   //-OVERCAST SKY - 7000
    if (i >= N9*8 && i < LED_COUNT) {leds[i].r = 64; leds[i].g = 156; leds[i].b = 255;}//-CLEAR BLUE SKY - 20000  
  }
  LEDS.show();  
  delay(100);
}

void sin_bright_wave(int ihue, int idelay) {        //-m19-BRIGHTNESS SINE WAVE
  for(int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {
    tcount = tcount + .1;
    if (tcount > 3.14) {tcount = 0.0;}
    ibright = int(sin(tcount)*255);
    leds[i] = CHSV(ihue, 255, ibright);
    LEDS.show();    
    delay(idelay);
  }
}

void pop_horizontal(int ihue, int idelay) {        //-m20-POP FROM LEFT TO RIGHT UP THE RING
  int ix;
  if (bouncedirection == 0) {
    bouncedirection = 1;
    ix = idex;  
  }
  else if (bouncedirection == 1) {
    bouncedirection = 0;
    ix = horizontal_index(idex);
    idex++;
    if (idex > TOP_INDEX) {idex = 0;}      
  }
  for(int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {
    if (i == ix) {
      leds[i] = CHSV(ihue, 255, 255);
    }
    else {
      leds[i].r = 0; leds[i].g = 0; leds[i].b = 0;
    }
  }
  LEDS.show();  
  delay(idelay);    
}

void quad_bright_curve(int ihue, int idelay) {      //-m21-QUADRATIC BRIGHTNESS CURVER
  int ax;    
  for(int x = 0; x < LED_COUNT; x++ ) {
    if (x <= TOP_INDEX) {ax = x;}
    else if (x > TOP_INDEX) {ax = LED_COUNT-x;}
    int a = 1; int b = 1; int c = 0;
    int iquad = -(ax*ax*a)+(ax*b)+c; //-ax2+bx+c
    int hquad = -(TOP_INDEX*TOP_INDEX*a)+(TOP_INDEX*b)+c;
    ibright = int((float(iquad)/float(hquad))*255);
    leds[x] = CHSV(ihue, 255, ibright);
  }
  LEDS.show();  
  delay(idelay);
}

void flame() {                                    //-m22-FLAMEISH EFFECT
  int idelay = random(0,35);
  float hmin = 0.1; float hmax = 45.0;
  float hdif = hmax-hmin;
  int randtemp = random(0,3);
  float hinc = (hdif/float(TOP_INDEX))+randtemp;
  int ihue = hmin;
  for(int i = 0; i < TOP_INDEX; i++ ) {
    ihue = ihue + hinc;
    leds[i] = CHSV(ihue, 255, 255);
    int ih = horizontal_index(i);    
    leds[ih] = CHSV(ihue, 255, 255);    
    leds[TOP_INDEX].r = 255; leds[TOP_INDEX].g = 255; leds[TOP_INDEX].b = 255;    
    LEDS.show();    
    delay(idelay);
  }
}

void rainbow_vertical(int istep, int idelay) {        //-m23-RAINBOW 'UP' THE LOOP
  idex++;
  if (idex > TOP_INDEX) {idex = 0;}  
  ihue = ihue + istep;
  if (ihue > 359) {ihue = 0;}
  int idexA = idex;
  int idexB = horizontal_index(idexA);
  leds[idexA] = CHSV(ihue, 255, 255);
  leds[idexB] = CHSV(ihue, 255, 255);
  LEDS.show();  
  delay(idelay);
}

void pacman(int idelay) {                              //-m24-REALLY TERRIBLE PACMAN CHOMPING EFFECT
  int s = int(LED_COUNT/4);
  lcount++;
  if (lcount > 5) {lcount = 0;}
  if (lcount == 0) {
    for(int i = 0 ; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {set_color_led(i, 255, 255, 0);}
    }
  if (lcount == 1 || lcount == 5) {
    for(int i = 0 ; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {set_color_led(i, 255, 255, 0);}
    leds[s].r = 0; leds[s].g = 0; leds[s].b = 0;}
  if (lcount == 2 || lcount == 4) {
    for(int i = 0 ; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {set_color_led(i, 255, 255, 0);}
    leds[s-1].r = 0; leds[s-1].g = 0; leds[s-1].b = 0;  
    leds[s].r = 0; leds[s].g = 0; leds[s].b = 0;
    leds[s+1].r = 0; leds[s+1].g = 0; leds[s+1].b = 0;}        
  if (lcount == 3) {
    for(int i = 0 ; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {set_color_led(i, 255, 255, 0);}
    leds[s-2].r = 0; leds[s-2].g = 0; leds[s-2].b = 0;  
    leds[s-1].r = 0; leds[s-1].g = 0; leds[s-1].b = 0;  
    leds[s].r = 0; leds[s].g = 0; leds[s].b = 0;
    leds[s+1].r = 0; leds[s+1].g = 0; leds[s+1].b = 0;
    leds[s+2].r = 0; leds[s+2].g = 0; leds[s+2].b = 0;}
  LEDS.show();  
  delay(idelay);
}

void strip_march_cw(int idelay) {                      //-m50-MARCH STRIP CW
  copy_led_array();
  int iCCW;  
  for(int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {
    iCCW = adjacent_ccw(i);
    leds[i].r = ledsX[iCCW][0];
    leds[i].g = ledsX[iCCW][1];
    leds[i].b = ledsX[iCCW][2];    
  }
  LEDS.show();  
  delay(idelay);
}

void strip_march_ccw(int idelay) {                      //-m51-MARCH STRIP CCW 
  copy_led_array();
  int iCW;  
  for(int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {
    iCW = adjacent_cw(i);
    leds[i].r = ledsX[iCW][0];
    leds[i].g = ledsX[iCW][1];
    leds[i].b = ledsX[iCW][2];    
  }
  LEDS.show();  
  delay(idelay);
}

void new_rainbow_loop(int idelay){                       //-m88-RAINBOW FADE FROM FAST_SPI2
  ihue -= 1;
  fill_rainbow( leds, LED_COUNT, ihue );  
  LEDS.show();
  delay(idelay);
}

void demo_mode(){
  int r = 10;
  for(int i=0; i<r*3; i++) {one_color_all(255,255,255);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*25; i++) {rainbow_fade(20);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*20; i++) {rainbow_loop(10, 20);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*20; i++) {random_burst(20);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*12; i++) {color_bounce(20);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*12; i++) {color_bounceFADE(40);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*6; i++) {police_lightsONE(40);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*5; i++) {police_lightsALL(40);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*40; i++) {flicker(160, 50);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*50; i++) {pulse_one_color_all(0, 10);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*35; i++) {pulse_one_color_all_rev(0, 10);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*5; i++) {fade_vertical(240, 60);}
  random_red();
  for(int i=0; i<r*5; i++) {rule30(100);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*8; i++) {random_march(30);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*5; i++) {rwb_march(80);}
  one_color_all(0,0,0);
  for(int i=0; i<r*15; i++) {radiation(360, 60);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*15; i++) {color_loop_vardelay();}
  for(int i=0; i<r*5; i++) {white_temps();}
  for(int i=0; i<r; i++) {sin_bright_wave(240, 35);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*5; i++) {pop_horizontal(0, 100);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*4; i++) {quad_bright_curve(240, 100);}
  one_color_all(0,0,0);  
  for(int i=0; i<r*3; i++) {flame();}
  for(int i=0; i<r*10; i++) {pacman(50);}  
  for(int i=0; i<r*15; i++) {rainbow_vertical(15, 50);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*3; i++) {strip_march_ccw(100);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*3; i++) {strip_march_cw(100);}  
  for(int i=0; i<r*3; i++) {one_color_all(255,0,0);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*3; i++) {one_color_all(0,255,0);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*3; i++) {one_color_all(0,0,255);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*3; i++) {one_color_all(255,255,0);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*3; i++) {one_color_all(0,255,255);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*3; i++) {one_color_all(255,0,255);}
  for(int i=0; i<r*120; i++) {new_rainbow_loop(5);}  
}

//void hsv2rgb_raw(const struct CHSV * phsv, struct CRGB * prgb, int numLeds)
//void hsv2rgb_rainbow( const struct CHSV* phsv, struct CRGB * prgb, int numLeds)
//void hsv2rgb_spectrum( const struct CHSV* phsv, struct CRGB * prgb, int numLeds)
//void fill_solid(struct CRGB * pFirstLED, int numToFill, const struct CRGB& color)
//void fill_rainbow( struct CRGB * pFirstLED, int numToFill, uint8_t initialhue, uint8_t deltahue )




//------------------SETUP------------------
void setup()  
{
  Serial.begin(SERIAL_BAUDRATE);      // SETUP HARDWARE SERIAL (USB)
  LEDS.setBrightness(max_bright);     // SET BRIGHTNESS TO 1/4 POWER

  //LEDS.addLeds<SM16716>(leds, LED_COUNT);
  //LEDS.addLeds<UCS1903, 13>(leds, LED_COUNT);
  //LEDS.addLeds<LPD8806>(leds, LED_COUNT)->clearLeds(300);
  //LEDS.addLeds<LPD8806, BGR>(leds, LED_COUNT);
  //LEDS.addLeds<LPD8806, 10, 11>(leds, LED_COUNT);
  //LEDS.addLeds<TM1809, 13>(leds, LED_COUNT);
  //LEDS.addLeds<TM1803, 13>(leds, LED_COUNT);
  //LEDS.addLeds<WS2801>(leds, LED_COUNT);
  //LEDS.addLeds<WS2801, 11, 13, BGR, DATA_RATE_MHZ(3)>(leds, LED_COUNT);
  //LEDS.addLeds<WS2801, RBG>(leds, LED_COUNT);
  LEDS.addLeds<WS2811, LED_PIN, GRB>(leds, LED_COUNT);
  //LEDS.addLeds<WS2811, 11>(leds, LED_COUNT);
  //LEDS.addLeds<WS2811, 13, BRG>(leds, LED_COUNT);
  //LEDS.addLeds<WS2811, 13>(leds, LED_COUNT);

  one_color_all(0,0,0); //-CLEAR STRIP
  LEDS.show();
  Serial.println("---SETUP COMPLETE---");
}



//------------------MAIN LOOP------------------
void loop() {
  if (ledMode == 0) {one_color_all(0,0,0);}            //---STRIP OFF
  if (ledMode == 1) {one_color_all(255,255,255);}      //---STRIP SOLID WHITE
  if (ledMode == 2) {rainbow_fade(20);}                //---STRIP RAINBOW FADE
  if (ledMode == 3) {rainbow_loop(5, 20);}             //---RAINBOW LOOP
  if (ledMode == 4) {random_burst(20);}                //---RANDOM
  if (ledMode == 5) {color_bounce(20);}                //---CYLON v1
  if (ledMode == 6) {color_bounceFADE(20);}            //---CYLON v2
  if (ledMode == 7) {police_lightsONE(40);}            //---POLICE LIGHTS SINGLE
  if (ledMode == 8) {police_lightsALL(40);}            //---POLICE LIGHTS SOLID
  if (ledMode == 9) {flicker(160,50);}                //---STRIP FLICKER
  if (ledMode == 10) {pulse_one_color_all(0, 10);}     //---PULSE COLOR BRIGHTNESS
  if (ledMode == 11) {pulse_one_color_all_rev(0, 10);} //---PULSE COLOR SATURATION
  if (ledMode == 12) {fade_vertical(240, 60);}         //---VERTICAL SOMETHING
  if (ledMode == 13) {rule30(100);}                    //---CELL AUTO - RULE 30 (RED)
  if (ledMode == 14) {random_march(30);}               //---MARCH RANDOM COLORS
  if (ledMode == 15) {rwb_march(50);}                  //---MARCH RWB COLORS  
  if (ledMode == 16) {radiation(360, 60);}             //---RADIATION SYMBOL (OR SOME APPROXIMATION)
  if (ledMode == 17) {color_loop_vardelay();}          //---VARIABLE DELAY LOOP
  if (ledMode == 18) {white_temps();}                  //---WHITE TEMPERATURES
  if (ledMode == 19) {sin_bright_wave(240, 35);}       //---SIN WAVE BRIGHTNESS
  if (ledMode == 20) {pop_horizontal(0, 100);}         //---POP LEFT/RIGHT
  if (ledMode == 21) {quad_bright_curve(240, 100);}    //---QUADRATIC BRIGHTNESS CURVE
  if (ledMode == 22) {flame();}                        //---FLAME-ISH EFFECT
  if (ledMode == 23) {rainbow_vertical(10, 20);}       //---VERITCAL RAINBOW
  if (ledMode == 24) {pacman(100);}                    //---PACMAN
  
  if (ledMode == 50) {strip_march_ccw(100);}           //---MARCH WHATEVERS ON THE STRIP NOW CCW
  if (ledMode == 51) {strip_march_cw(100);}            //---MARCH WHATEVERS ON THE STRIP NOW CW
  
  if (ledMode == 88) {new_rainbow_loop(5);}                  //---RAINBOW FADE FROM FAST_SPI CODE

  if (ledMode == 101) {one_color_all(255,0,0);}        //---101- STRIP SOLID RED
  if (ledMode == 102) {one_color_all(0,255,0);}        //---102- STRIP SOLID GREEN
  if (ledMode == 103) {one_color_all(0,0,255);}        //---103- STRIP SOLID BLUE
  if (ledMode == 104) {one_color_all(255,255,0);}      //---104- STRIP SOLID YELLOW
  if (ledMode == 105) {one_color_all(0,255,255);}      //---105- STRIP SOLID TEAL?
  if (ledMode == 106) {one_color_all(255,0,255);}      //---106- STRIP SOLID VIOLET?

  if (ledMode == 888) {demo_mode();}                   //---CYCLE MODES (BLOCKS SERIAL INPUT)



  //---PROCESS SERIAL COMMANDS AND ARGS
  if (Serial.available() > 0) {
    inbyte = Serial.read();
    if (inbyte == 109) { //---"m" - SET LED FX MODE
      thisarg = Serial.parseInt();      
      Serial.print("SET NEW MODE: ");
      Serial.println(thisarg);
      bouncedirection = 0;
      ledMode = thisarg;
    }    
    if (inbyte == 108) { //---"l" - SET SINGLE LED VALUE (BROKE)
      int thisindex = Serial.parseInt();
      int thisRED = Serial.parseInt();
      int thisGRN = Serial.parseInt();
      int thisBLU = Serial.parseInt();      
      set_color_led(thisindex, thisRED, thisGRN, thisBLU);
      Serial.print("SET LED COLOR: ");
      //Serial.println(thisindex, thisRED, thisGRN, thisBLU);
    }
    if (inbyte == 98) { //---"b" - SET MAX BRIGHTNESS
      max_bright = Serial.parseInt();
      LEDS.setBrightness(max_bright);
      Serial.print("SET MAX BRIGHTNESS: ");
      Serial.println(max_bright);
    }    
  }
}

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#include <FastSPI_LED2.h>

//---LED SETUP STUFF

#define LED_COUNT 24

#define LED_PIN 13

int BOTTOM_INDEX = 0;

int TOP_INDEX = int(LED_COUNT/2);

int EVENODD = LED_COUNT%2;

struct CRGB leds[LED_COUNT];

int ledsX[LED_COUNT][3]; //-ARRAY FOR COPYING WHATS IN THE LED STRIP CURRENTLY (FOR CELL-AUTOMATA, MARCH, ETC)

int ledMode = 3; //-START IN RAINBOW LOOP

//---SERIAL/BLUETOOTH SETUP STUFF

#define SERIAL_BAUDRATE 9600

byte inbyte; //-SERIAL INPUT BYTE

int thisarg; //-SERIAL INPUT ARG

//---LED FX VARS

int max_bright = 64; //-SET MAX BRIGHTNESS TO 1/4

int idex = 0; //-LED INDEX (0 to LED_COUNT-1

int idx_offset = 0; //-OFFSET INDEX (BOTTOM LED TO ZERO WHEN LOOP IS TURNED/DOESN'T REALLY WORK)

int ihue = 0; //-HUE (0-360)

static uint8_t startinghue = 0;

int ibright = 0; //-BRIGHTNESS (0-255)

int isat = 0; //-SATURATION (0-255)

int bouncedirection = 0; //-SWITCH FOR COLOR BOUNCE (0-1)

float tcount = 0.0; //-INC VAR FOR SIN LOOPS

int lcount = 0; //-ANOTHER COUNTING VAR

//------------------------------------- UTILITY FXNS --------------------------------------

//---SET THE COLOR OF A SINGLE RGB LED

void set_color_led(int adex, int cred, int cgrn, int cblu) {

int bdex;

if (idx_offset > 0) { //-APPLY INDEX OFFSET

bdex = (adex + idx_offset) % LED_COUNT;

}

else {bdex = adex;}

leds[bdex].r = cred;

leds[bdex].g = cgrn;

leds[bdex].b = cblu;

}

//---FIND INDEX OF HORIZONAL OPPOSITE LED

int horizontal_index(int i) {

//-ONLY WORKS WITH INDEX < TOPINDEX

if (i == BOTTOM_INDEX) {return BOTTOM_INDEX;}

if (i == TOP_INDEX && EVENODD == 1) {return TOP_INDEX + 1;}

if (i == TOP_INDEX && EVENODD == 0) {return TOP_INDEX;}

return LED_COUNT - i;

}

//---FIND INDEX OF ANTIPODAL OPPOSITE LED

int antipodal_index(int i) {

//int N2 = int(LED_COUNT/2);

int iN = i + TOP_INDEX;

if (i >= TOP_INDEX) {iN = ( i + TOP_INDEX ) % LED_COUNT; }

return iN;

}

//---FIND ADJACENT INDEX CLOCKWISE

int adjacent_cw(int i) {

int r;

if (i < LED_COUNT - 1) {r = i + 1;}

else {r = 0;}

return r;

}

//---FIND ADJACENT INDEX COUNTER-CLOCKWISE

int adjacent_ccw(int i) {

int r;

if (i > 0) {r = i - 1;}

else {r = LED_COUNT - 1;}

return r;

}

void copy_led_array(){

for(int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {

ledsX[i][0] = leds[i].r;

ledsX[i][1] = leds[i].g;

ledsX[i][2] = leds[i].b;

}

//------------------------LED EFFECT FUNCTIONS------------------------

void one_color_all(int cred, int cgrn, int cblu) { //-SET ALL LEDS TO ONE COLOR

for(int i = 0 ; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {

set_color_led(i, cred, cgrn, cblu);

LEDS.show();

delay(1);

}

void rainbow_fade(int idelay) { //-m2-FADE ALL LEDS THROUGH HSV RAINBOW

ihue++;

if (ihue >= 359) {ihue = 0;}

for(int idex = 0 ; idex < LED_COUNT; idex++ ) {

leds[idex] = CHSV(ihue, 255, 255);

}

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void rainbow_loop(int istep, int idelay) { //-m3-LOOP HSV RAINBOW

idex++;

ihue = ihue + istep;

if (idex >= LED_COUNT) {idex = 0;}

if (ihue >= 359) {ihue = 0;}

leds[idex] = CHSV(ihue, 255, 255);

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void random_burst(int idelay) { //-m4-RANDOM INDEX/COLOR

idex = random(0,LED_COUNT);

ihue = random(0,359);

leds[idex] = CHSV(ihue, 255, 255);

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void color_bounce(int idelay) { //-m5-BOUNCE COLOR (SINGLE LED)

if (bouncedirection == 0) {

idex = idex + 1;

if (idex == LED_COUNT) {

bouncedirection = 1;

idex = idex - 1;

}

if (bouncedirection == 1) {

idex = idex - 1;

if (idex == 0) {

bouncedirection = 0;

}

for(int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {

if (i == idex) {set_color_led(i, 255, 0, 0);}

else {set_color_led(i, 0, 0, 0);}

}

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void color_bounceFADE(int idelay) { //-m6-BOUNCE COLOR (SIMPLE MULTI-LED FADE)

if (bouncedirection == 0) {

idex = idex + 1;

if (idex == LED_COUNT) {

bouncedirection = 1;

idex = idex - 1;

}

if (bouncedirection == 1) {

idex = idex - 1;

if (idex == 0) {

bouncedirection = 0;

}

int iL1 = adjacent_cw(idex);

int iL2 = adjacent_cw(iL1);

int iL3 = adjacent_cw(iL2);

int iR1 = adjacent_ccw(idex);

int iR2 = adjacent_ccw(iR1);

int iR3 = adjacent_ccw(iR2);

for(int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {

if (i == idex) {set_color_led(i, 255, 0, 0);}

else if (i == iL1) {set_color_led(i, 100, 0, 0);}

else if (i == iL2) {set_color_led(i, 50, 0, 0);}

else if (i == iL3) {set_color_led(i, 10, 0, 0);}

else if (i == iR1) {set_color_led(i, 100, 0, 0);}

else if (i == iR2) {set_color_led(i, 50, 0, 0);}

else if (i == iR3) {set_color_led(i, 10, 0, 0);}

else {set_color_led(i, 0, 0, 0);}

}

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void police_lightsONE(int idelay) { //-m7-POLICE LIGHTS (TWO COLOR SINGLE LED)

idex++;

if (idex >= LED_COUNT) {idex = 0;}

int idexR = idex;

int idexB = antipodal_index(idexR);

for(int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {

if (i == idexR) {set_color_led(i, 255, 0, 0);}

else if (i == idexB) {set_color_led(i, 0, 0, 255);}

else {set_color_led(i, 0, 0, 0);}

}

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void police_lightsALL(int idelay) { //-m8-POLICE LIGHTS (TWO COLOR SOLID)

idex++;

if (idex >= LED_COUNT) {idex = 0;}

int idexR = idex;

int idexB = antipodal_index(idexR);

set_color_led(idexR, 255, 0, 0);

set_color_led(idexB, 0, 0, 255);

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void flicker(int thishue, int thissat) { //-m9-FLICKER EFFECT

int random_bright = random(0,255);

int random_delay = random(10,100);

int random_bool = random(0,random_bright);

if (random_bool < 10) {

for(int i = 0 ; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {

leds[i] = CHSV(thishue, thissat, random_bright);

}

LEDS.show();

delay(random_delay);

}

void pulse_one_color_all(int ihue, int idelay) { //-m10-PULSE BRIGHTNESS ON ALL LEDS TO ONE COLOR

if (bouncedirection == 0) {

ibright++;

if (ibright >= 255) {bouncedirection = 1;}

}

if (bouncedirection == 1) {

ibright = ibright - 1;

if (ibright <= 1) {bouncedirection = 0;}

}

for(int idex = 0 ; idex < LED_COUNT; idex++ ) {

leds[idex] = CHSV(ihue, 255, ibright);

}

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void pulse_one_color_all_rev(int ihue, int idelay) { //-m11-PULSE SATURATION ON ALL LEDS TO ONE COLOR

if (bouncedirection == 0) {

isat++;

if (isat >= 255) {bouncedirection = 1;}

}

if (bouncedirection == 1) {

isat = isat - 1;

if (isat <= 1) {bouncedirection = 0;}

}

for(int idex = 0 ; idex < LED_COUNT; idex++ ) {

leds[idex] = CHSV(ihue, isat, 255);

}

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void fade_vertical(int ihue, int idelay) { //-m12-FADE 'UP' THE LOOP

idex++;

if (idex > TOP_INDEX) {idex = 0;}

int idexA = idex;

int idexB = horizontal_index(idexA);

ibright = ibright + 10;

if (ibright > 255) {ibright = 0;}

leds[idexA] = CHSV(ihue, 255, ibright);

leds[idexB] = CHSV(ihue, 255, ibright);

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void random_red() { //QUICK 'N DIRTY RANDOMIZE TO GET CELL AUTOMATA STARTED

int temprand;

for(int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {

temprand = random(0,100);

if (temprand > 50) {leds[i].r = 255;}

if (temprand <= 50) {leds[i].r = 0;}

leds[i].b = 0; leds[i].g = 0;

}

LEDS.show();

}

void rule30(int idelay) { //-m13-1D CELLULAR AUTOMATA - RULE 30 (RED FOR NOW)

if (bouncedirection == 0) {

random_red();

bouncedirection = 1;

}

copy_led_array();

int iCW;

int iCCW;

int y = 100;

for(int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {

iCW = adjacent_cw(i);

iCCW = adjacent_ccw(i);

if (ledsX[iCCW][0] > y && ledsX[i][0] > y && ledsX[iCW][0] > y) {leds[i].r = 0;}

if (ledsX[iCCW][0] > y && ledsX[i][0] > y && ledsX[iCW][0] <= y) {leds[i].r = 0;}

if (ledsX[iCCW][0] > y && ledsX[i][0] <= y && ledsX[iCW][0] > y) {leds[i].r = 0;}

if (ledsX[iCCW][0] > y && ledsX[i][0] <= y && ledsX[iCW][0] <= y) {leds[i].r = 255;}

if (ledsX[iCCW][0] <= y && ledsX[i][0] > y && ledsX[iCW][0] > y) {leds[i].r = 255;}

if (ledsX[iCCW][0] <= y && ledsX[i][0] > y && ledsX[iCW][0] <= y) {leds[i].r = 255;}

if (ledsX[iCCW][0] <= y && ledsX[i][0] <= y && ledsX[iCW][0] > y) {leds[i].r = 255;}

if (ledsX[iCCW][0] <= y && ledsX[i][0] <= y && ledsX[iCW][0] <= y) {leds[i].r = 0;}

}

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void random_march(int idelay) { //-m14-RANDOM MARCH CCW

copy_led_array();

int iCCW;

leds[0] = CHSV(random(0,360), 255, 255);

for(int idex = 1; idex < LED_COUNT ; idex++ ) {

iCCW = adjacent_ccw(idex);

leds[idex].r = ledsX[iCCW][0];

leds[idex].g = ledsX[iCCW][1];

leds[idex].b = ledsX[iCCW][2];

}

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void rwb_march(int idelay) { //-m15-R,W,B MARCH CCW

copy_led_array();

int iCCW;

idex++;

if (idex > 2) {idex = 0;}

switch (idex) {

case 0:

leds[0].r = 255;

leds[0].g = 0;

leds[0].b = 0;

break;

case 1:

leds[0].r = 255;

leds[0].g = 255;

leds[0].b = 255;

break;

case 2:

leds[0].r = 0;

leds[0].g = 0;

leds[0].b = 255;

break;

}

for(int i = 1; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {

iCCW = adjacent_ccw(i);

leds[i].r = ledsX[iCCW][0];

leds[i].g = ledsX[iCCW][1];

leds[i].b = ledsX[iCCW][2];

}

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void radiation(int ihue, int idelay) { //-m16-SORT OF RADIATION SYMBOLISH-

int N3 = int(LED_COUNT/3);

int N6 = int(LED_COUNT/6);

int N12 = int(LED_COUNT/12);

for(int i = 0; i < N6; i++ ) { //-HACKY, I KNOW...

tcount = tcount + .02;

if (tcount > 3.14) {tcount = 0.0;}

ibright = int(sin(tcount)*255);

int j0 = (i + LED_COUNT - N12) % LED_COUNT;

int j1 = (j0+N3) % LED_COUNT;

int j2 = (j1+N3) % LED_COUNT;

leds[j0] = CHSV(ihue, 255, ibright);

leds[j1] = CHSV(ihue, 255, ibright);

leds[j2] = CHSV(ihue, 255, ibright);

}

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void color_loop_vardelay() { //-m17-COLOR LOOP (SINGLE LED) w/ VARIABLE DELAY

idex++;

if (idex > LED_COUNT) {idex = 0;}

int di = abs(TOP_INDEX - idex);

int t = constrain((10/di)*10, 10, 500);

for(int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {

if (i == idex) {

leds[i] = CHSV(0, 255, 255);

}

else {

leds[i].r = 0; leds[i].g = 0; leds[i].b = 0;

}

LEDS.show();

delay(t);

}

void white_temps() { //-m18-SHOW A SAMPLE OF BLACK BODY RADIATION COLOR TEMPERATURES

int N9 = int(LED_COUNT/9);

for (int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {

if (i >= 0 && i < N9) {leds[i].r = 255; leds[i].g = 147; leds[i].b = 41;} //-CANDLE - 1900

if (i >= N9 && i < N9*2) {leds[i].r = 255; leds[i].g = 197; leds[i].b = 143;} //-40W TUNG - 2600

if (i >= N9*2 && i < N9*3) {leds[i].r = 255; leds[i].g = 214; leds[i].b = 170;} //-100W TUNG - 2850

if (i >= N9*3 && i < N9*4) {leds[i].r = 255; leds[i].g = 241; leds[i].b = 224;} //-HALOGEN - 3200

if (i >= N9*4 && i < N9*5) {leds[i].r = 255; leds[i].g = 250; leds[i].b = 244;} //-CARBON ARC - 5200

if (i >= N9*5 && i < N9*6) {leds[i].r = 255; leds[i].g = 255; leds[i].b = 251;} //-HIGH NOON SUN - 5400

if (i >= N9*6 && i < N9*7) {leds[i].r = 255; leds[i].g = 255; leds[i].b = 255;} //-DIRECT SUN - 6000

if (i >= N9*7 && i < N9*8) {leds[i].r = 201; leds[i].g = 226; leds[i].b = 255;} //-OVERCAST SKY - 7000

if (i >= N9*8 && i < LED_COUNT) {leds[i].r = 64; leds[i].g = 156; leds[i].b = 255;}//-CLEAR BLUE SKY - 20000

}

LEDS.show();

delay(100);

}

void sin_bright_wave(int ihue, int idelay) { //-m19-BRIGHTNESS SINE WAVE

for(int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {

tcount = tcount + .1;

if (tcount > 3.14) {tcount = 0.0;}

ibright = int(sin(tcount)*255);

leds[i] = CHSV(ihue, 255, ibright);

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void pop_horizontal(int ihue, int idelay) { //-m20-POP FROM LEFT TO RIGHT UP THE RING

int ix;

if (bouncedirection == 0) {

bouncedirection = 1;

ix = idex;

}

else if (bouncedirection == 1) {

bouncedirection = 0;

ix = horizontal_index(idex);

idex++;

if (idex > TOP_INDEX) {idex = 0;}

}

for(int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {

if (i == ix) {

leds[i] = CHSV(ihue, 255, 255);

}

else {

leds[i].r = 0; leds[i].g = 0; leds[i].b = 0;

}

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void quad_bright_curve(int ihue, int idelay) { //-m21-QUADRATIC BRIGHTNESS CURVER

int ax;

for(int x = 0; x < LED_COUNT; x++ ) {

if (x <= TOP_INDEX) {ax = x;}

else if (x > TOP_INDEX) {ax = LED_COUNT-x;}

int a = 1; int b = 1; int c = 0;

int iquad = -(ax*ax*a)+(ax*b)+c; //-ax2+bx+c

int hquad = -(TOP_INDEX*TOP_INDEX*a)+(TOP_INDEX*b)+c;

ibright = int((float(iquad)/float(hquad))*255);

leds[x] = CHSV(ihue, 255, ibright);

}

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void flame() { //-m22-FLAMEISH EFFECT

int idelay = random(0,35);

float hmin = 0.1; float hmax = 45.0;

float hdif = hmax-hmin;

int randtemp = random(0,3);

float hinc = (hdif/float(TOP_INDEX))+randtemp;

int ihue = hmin;

for(int i = 0; i < TOP_INDEX; i++ ) {

ihue = ihue + hinc;

leds[i] = CHSV(ihue, 255, 255);

int ih = horizontal_index(i);

leds[ih] = CHSV(ihue, 255, 255);

leds[TOP_INDEX].r = 255; leds[TOP_INDEX].g = 255; leds[TOP_INDEX].b = 255;

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void rainbow_vertical(int istep, int idelay) { //-m23-RAINBOW 'UP' THE LOOP

idex++;

if (idex > TOP_INDEX) {idex = 0;}

ihue = ihue + istep;

if (ihue > 359) {ihue = 0;}

int idexA = idex;

int idexB = horizontal_index(idexA);

leds[idexA] = CHSV(ihue, 255, 255);

leds[idexB] = CHSV(ihue, 255, 255);

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void pacman(int idelay) { //-m24-REALLY TERRIBLE PACMAN CHOMPING EFFECT

int s = int(LED_COUNT/4);

lcount++;

if (lcount > 5) {lcount = 0;}

if (lcount == 0) {

for(int i = 0 ; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {set_color_led(i, 255, 255, 0);}

}

if (lcount == 1 || lcount == 5) {

for(int i = 0 ; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {set_color_led(i, 255, 255, 0);}

leds[s].r = 0; leds[s].g = 0; leds[s].b = 0;}

if (lcount == 2 || lcount == 4) {

for(int i = 0 ; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {set_color_led(i, 255, 255, 0);}

leds[s-1].r = 0; leds[s-1].g = 0; leds[s-1].b = 0;

leds[s].r = 0; leds[s].g = 0; leds[s].b = 0;

leds[s+1].r = 0; leds[s+1].g = 0; leds[s+1].b = 0;}

if (lcount == 3) {

for(int i = 0 ; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {set_color_led(i, 255, 255, 0);}

leds[s-2].r = 0; leds[s-2].g = 0; leds[s-2].b = 0;

leds[s-1].r = 0; leds[s-1].g = 0; leds[s-1].b = 0;

leds[s].r = 0; leds[s].g = 0; leds[s].b = 0;

leds[s+1].r = 0; leds[s+1].g = 0; leds[s+1].b = 0;

leds[s+2].r = 0; leds[s+2].g = 0; leds[s+2].b = 0;}

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void strip_march_cw(int idelay) { //-m50-MARCH STRIP CW

copy_led_array();

int iCCW;

for(int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {

iCCW = adjacent_ccw(i);

leds[i].r = ledsX[iCCW][0];

leds[i].g = ledsX[iCCW][1];

leds[i].b = ledsX[iCCW][2];

}

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void strip_march_ccw(int idelay) { //-m51-MARCH STRIP CCW

copy_led_array();

int iCW;

for(int i = 0; i < LED_COUNT; i++ ) {

iCW = adjacent_cw(i);

leds[i].r = ledsX[iCW][0];

leds[i].g = ledsX[iCW][1];

leds[i].b = ledsX[iCW][2];

}

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void new_rainbow_loop(int idelay){ //-m88-RAINBOW FADE FROM FAST_SPI2

ihue -= 1;

fill_rainbow( leds, LED_COUNT, ihue );

LEDS.show();

delay(idelay);

}

void demo_mode(){

int r = 10;

for(int i=0; i<r*3; i++) {one_color_all(255,255,255);}

for(int i=0; i<r*25; i++) {rainbow_fade(20);}

for(int i=0; i<r*20; i++) {rainbow_loop(10, 20);}

for(int i=0; i<r*20; i++) {random_burst(20);}

for(int i=0; i<r*12; i++) {color_bounce(20);}

for(int i=0; i<r*12; i++) {color_bounceFADE(40);}

for(int i=0; i<r*6; i++) {police_lightsONE(40);}

for(int i=0; i<r*5; i++) {police_lightsALL(40);}

for(int i=0; i<r*40; i++) {flicker(160, 50);}

for(int i=0; i<r*50; i++) {pulse_one_color_all(0, 10);}

for(int i=0; i<r*35; i++) {pulse_one_color_all_rev(0, 10);}

for(int i=0; i<r*5; i++) {fade_vertical(240, 60);}

random_red();

for(int i=0; i<r*5; i++) {rule30(100);}

for(int i=0; i<r*8; i++) {random_march(30);}

for(int i=0; i<r*5; i++) {rwb_march(80);}

one_color_all(0,0,0);

for(int i=0; i<r*15; i++) {radiation(360, 60);}

for(int i=0; i<r*15; i++) {color_loop_vardelay();}

for(int i=0; i<r*5; i++) {white_temps();}

for(int i=0; i<r; i++) {sin_bright_wave(240, 35);}

for(int i=0; i<r*5; i++) {pop_horizontal(0, 100);}

for(int i=0; i<r*4; i++) {quad_bright_curve(240, 100);}

one_color_all(0,0,0);

for(int i=0; i<r*3; i++) {flame();}

for(int i=0; i<r*10; i++) {pacman(50);}

for(int i=0; i<r*15; i++) {rainbow_vertical(15, 50);}

for(int i=0; i<r*3; i++) {strip_march_ccw(100);}

for(int i=0; i<r*3; i++) {strip_march_cw(100);}

for(int i=0; i<r*3; i++) {one_color_all(255,0,0);}

for(int i=0; i<r*3; i++) {one_color_all(0,255,0);}

for(int i=0; i<r*3; i++) {one_color_all(0,0,255);}

for(int i=0; i<r*3; i++) {one_color_all(255,255,0);}

for(int i=0; i<r*3; i++) {one_color_all(0,255,255);}

for(int i=0; i<r*3; i++) {one_color_all(255,0,255);}

for(int i=0; i<r*120; i++) {new_rainbow_loop(5);}

}

//void hsv2rgb_raw(const struct CHSV * phsv, struct CRGB * prgb, int numLeds)

//void hsv2rgb_rainbow( const struct CHSV* phsv, struct CRGB * prgb, int numLeds)

//void hsv2rgb_spectrum( const struct CHSV* phsv, struct CRGB * prgb, int numLeds)

//void fill_solid(struct CRGB * pFirstLED, int numToFill, const struct CRGB& color)

//void fill_rainbow( struct CRGB * pFirstLED, int numToFill, uint8_t initialhue, uint8_t deltahue )

//------------------SETUP------------------

void setup()

{

Serial.begin(SERIAL_BAUDRATE); // SETUP HARDWARE SERIAL (USB)

LEDS.setBrightness(max_bright); // SET BRIGHTNESS TO 1/4 POWER

//LEDS.addLeds<SM16716>(leds, LED_COUNT);

//LEDS.addLeds<UCS1903, 13>(leds, LED_COUNT);

//LEDS.addLeds<LPD8806>(leds, LED_COUNT)->clearLeds(300);

//LEDS.addLeds<LPD8806, BGR>(leds, LED_COUNT);

//LEDS.addLeds<LPD8806, 10, 11>(leds, LED_COUNT);

//LEDS.addLeds<TM1809, 13>(leds, LED_COUNT);

//LEDS.addLeds<TM1803, 13>(leds, LED_COUNT);

//LEDS.addLeds<WS2801>(leds, LED_COUNT);

//LEDS.addLeds<WS2801, 11, 13, BGR, DATA_RATE_MHZ(3)>(leds, LED_COUNT);

//LEDS.addLeds<WS2801, RBG>(leds, LED_COUNT);

LEDS.addLeds<WS2811, LED_PIN, GRB>(leds, LED_COUNT);

//LEDS.addLeds<WS2811, 11>(leds, LED_COUNT);

//LEDS.addLeds<WS2811, 13, BRG>(leds, LED_COUNT);

//LEDS.addLeds<WS2811, 13>(leds, LED_COUNT);

one_color_all(0,0,0); //-CLEAR STRIP

LEDS.show();

Serial.println("---SETUP COMPLETE---");

}

//------------------MAIN LOOP------------------

void loop() {

if (ledMode == 0) {one_color_all(0,0,0);} //---STRIP OFF

if (ledMode == 1) {one_color_all(255,255,255);} //---STRIP SOLID WHITE

if (ledMode == 2) {rainbow_fade(20);} //---STRIP RAINBOW FADE

if (ledMode == 3) {rainbow_loop(5, 20);} //---RAINBOW LOOP

if (ledMode == 4) {random_burst(20);} //---RANDOM

if (ledMode == 5) {color_bounce(20);} //---CYLON v1

if (ledMode == 6) {color_bounceFADE(20);} //---CYLON v2

if (ledMode == 7) {police_lightsONE(40);} //---POLICE LIGHTS SINGLE

if (ledMode == 8) {police_lightsALL(40);} //---POLICE LIGHTS SOLID

if (ledMode == 9) {flicker(160,50);} //---STRIP FLICKER

if (ledMode == 10) {pulse_one_color_all(0, 10);} //---PULSE COLOR BRIGHTNESS

if (ledMode == 11) {pulse_one_color_all_rev(0, 10);} //---PULSE COLOR SATURATION

if (ledMode == 12) {fade_vertical(240, 60);} //---VERTICAL SOMETHING

if (ledMode == 13) {rule30(100);} //---CELL AUTO - RULE 30 (RED)

if (ledMode == 14) {random_march(30);} //---MARCH RANDOM COLORS

if (ledMode == 15) {rwb_march(50);} //---MARCH RWB COLORS

if (ledMode == 16) {radiation(360, 60);} //---RADIATION SYMBOL (OR SOME APPROXIMATION)

if (ledMode == 17) {color_loop_vardelay();} //---VARIABLE DELAY LOOP

if (ledMode == 18) {white_temps();} //---WHITE TEMPERATURES

if (ledMode == 19) {sin_bright_wave(240, 35);} //---SIN WAVE BRIGHTNESS

if (ledMode == 20) {pop_horizontal(0, 100);} //---POP LEFT/RIGHT

if (ledMode == 21) {quad_bright_curve(240, 100);} //---QUADRATIC BRIGHTNESS CURVE

if (ledMode == 22) {flame();} //---FLAME-ISH EFFECT

if (ledMode == 23) {rainbow_vertical(10, 20);} //---VERITCAL RAINBOW

if (ledMode == 24) {pacman(100);} //---PACMAN

if (ledMode == 50) {strip_march_ccw(100);} //---MARCH WHATEVERS ON THE STRIP NOW CCW

if (ledMode == 51) {strip_march_cw(100);} //---MARCH WHATEVERS ON THE STRIP NOW CW

if (ledMode == 88) {new_rainbow_loop(5);} //---RAINBOW FADE FROM FAST_SPI CODE

if (ledMode == 101) {one_color_all(255,0,0);} //---101- STRIP SOLID RED

if (ledMode == 102) {one_color_all(0,255,0);} //---102- STRIP SOLID GREEN

if (ledMode == 103) {one_color_all(0,0,255);} //---103- STRIP SOLID BLUE

if (ledMode == 104) {one_color_all(255,255,0);} //---104- STRIP SOLID YELLOW

if (ledMode == 105) {one_color_all(0,255,255);} //---105- STRIP SOLID TEAL?

if (ledMode == 106) {one_color_all(255,0,255);} //---106- STRIP SOLID VIOLET?

if (ledMode == 888) {demo_mode();} //---CYCLE MODES (BLOCKS SERIAL INPUT)

//---PROCESS SERIAL COMMANDS AND ARGS

if (Serial.available() > 0) {

inbyte = Serial.read();

if (inbyte == 109) { //---"m" - SET LED FX MODE

thisarg = Serial.parseInt();

Serial.print("SET NEW MODE: ");

Serial.println(thisarg);

bouncedirection = 0;

ledMode = thisarg;

}

if (inbyte == 108) { //---"l" - SET SINGLE LED VALUE (BROKE)

int thisindex = Serial.parseInt();

int thisRED = Serial.parseInt();

int thisGRN = Serial.parseInt();

int thisBLU = Serial.parseInt();

set_color_led(thisindex, thisRED, thisGRN, thisBLU);

Serial.print("SET LED COLOR: ");

//Serial.println(thisindex, thisRED, thisGRN, thisBLU);

}

if (inbyte == 98) { //---"b" - SET MAX BRIGHTNESS

max_bright = Serial.parseInt();

LEDS.setBrightness(max_bright);

Serial.print("SET MAX BRIGHTNESS: ");

Serial.println(max_bright);

}

Downloads

Download FASTLED Code Library | Zip
Download Adafruit NeoPixel Code Library | Zip
Driving Thousand of LED Strip? Download OctoWS2811 | Zip

Wiring WS2812 8-Bit RGB LED Strip with Arduino

4 thoughts on “Wiring WS2812 8-Bit RGB LED Strip with Arduino”

Nigel
at

Is diagram correct,
Seems that you are showing vdd and vss connected together on 2 LEDs.
I thought vdd would go to vdd and vss to vss , to ground and +5v respectively.
- 14core EditorPost author
  at
  
  Diagram has been updated. please refer to the WS128 & WS128B datasheet for further details.
  Thanks & Regards
Wilson Carvajal
at

Hello,

I would like to know how do you send the commands through the serial monitor.
I know by typing m23 I get an led effect. But when I type l,100,255,000,255 I don’t see the color change.
Could you please help me with this?
Thanks!
- 14core EditorPost author
  at
  
  Hi Wilson, just follow the code below. :)
  —————————————————
  #include
  #include
  
  #define signalOutRed 3 // Output Pin
  #define signalOutGreen 5 // Output Pin
  #define signalOutBlue 6 // Output Pin
  SerialCommand ownSerialCommand; // Your Serial Command object
  void setup()
  {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(signalOutRed,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(signalOutGreen,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(signalOutBlue,OUTPUT);
  //This a callbacks for SerialCommand commands
  ownSerialCommand.addCommand(“ON”,sON); // Turns LED on
  ownSerialCommand.addCommand(“OFF”,sOFF); // Turns LED off
  ownSerialCommand.addCommand(“RED”, sRED); // Echos the string argument back
  ownSerialCommand.addCommand(“GREEN”,sGREEN);
  ownSerialCommand.addCommand(“RED”, sBLUE);
  ownSerialCommand.addDefaultHandler(noCommand); // Handler for command that isn’t matched
  Serial.println(“14CORE | Led Strip Serial Command Test Code”);
  delay(1000)
  }
  void loop()
  {
  ownSerialCommand.readSerial(); // We don’t do much, just process serial commands
  }
  void sON()
  {
  Serial.println(“Led Strip On”);
  analogWrite(signalOutRed, 0);
  analogWrite(signalOutGreen, 0);
  analogWrite(signalOutBlue, 0);
  }
  void sOFF()
  {
  Serial.println(“Led Strip On”);
  analogWrite(signalOutRed, 255);
  analogWrite(signalOutGreen, 255);
  analogWrite(signalOutBlue, 255);
  }
  // Change the value of each color from 0 to 255 to generate your own color of choice
  void sRED()
  {
  Serial.println(“Led Strip Color Blue”);
  analogWrite(signalOutRed, 255);
  analogWrite(signalOutGreen, 0);
  analogWrite(signalOutRed, 0);
  }
  void sGREEN()
  {
  Serial.println(“Led Strip Color Blue”);
  analogWrite(signalOutRed, 0);
  analogWrite(signalOutGreen, 255);
  analogWrite(signalOutBlue, 0);
  }
  void sBLUE()
  {
  Serial.println(“Led Strip Color Blue”);
  analogWrite(signalOutRed, 0);
  analogWrite(signalOutGreen, 0);
  analogWrite(signalOutRed, 255);
  }
  void noCommand()
  {
  Serial.println(“No Command Available”);
  }

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4 thoughts on “Wiring WS2812 8-Bit RGB LED Strip with Arduino”

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